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Male reproductive anatomy
Male reproductive anatomy
Male reproductive system
Male reproductive system

Testicular torsion
Definition:
Testicular torsion is the twisting of the spermatic cord, which cuts off the blood supply to the testicle and surrounding structures within the scrotum.

Alternative Names:
Torsion of the testis; Testicular ischemia; Testicular twisting

Causes, incidence, and risk factors:

It is believed that some men may be predisposed to testicular torsion as a result of inadequate connective tissue within the scrotum. However, the condition can result from trauma to the scrotum, particularly if significant swelling occurs. It may also occur after strenuous exercise or without an obvious cause.

The incidence is higher during infancy (first year of life) and with the onset of adolescence (puberty). Risk factors may include significant trauma to the scrotum or particularly strenuous physical activity.
Symptoms:
Additional symptoms that may be associated with this disease:
Signs and tests:
  • Extremely tender and enlarged testicular region -- more commonly on the right
  • Elevation of testicle on the affected side
Treatment:

Surgical correction is usually required and should be performed as soon as possible after the onset of symptoms. If surgery is performed within 6 hours, most testicles can be saved.

During surgery, the testicle on the other (non-affected) side is usually also anchored as a preventive measure. This condition is a surgical emergency.
Expectations (prognosis):
If the condition is diagnosed quickly and immediately corrected, testicular function may be retained.
Complications:
If the blood supply is cut off to the testicle for a prolonged period of time, it may atrophy (shrink) and need to be surgically removed. Atrophy (shrinkage) of the testicle may occur days to months after the torsion has been corrected. Severe infection of the testicle and scrotum is also a potential complication if normal blood flow is restricted for a prolonged period.
Calling your health care provider:
Go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if testicular torsion symptoms occur.
Prevention:
Use precautions to avoid trauma to the scrotum. Many cases are not preventable.
Review Date: 8/10/2001
Reviewed By: David R. Knowles, M.D. Department of Urology, New York Presbyterian Hospital Columbia Campus, New York, NY. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.
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