Tinea cruris

Tinea cruris

Definition:

Tinea cruris is an infection of the groin area with mold-like fungi called dermatophytes.

Alternative Names:

Infection - fungal - groin; Jock itch; Itching in the groin - males; Tinea of the groin; Fungal infection - groin, Ringworm - groin

Causes, incidence, and risk factors:

Occasionally, itching in the groin can result from chemical irritation (see vaginal itching). Other causes include lichen simplex chronicus, eczema, and pubic lice.

Tinea cruris (also called ringworm of the groin) is a skin disorder that occurs almost exclusively in adult men. It can sometimes accompany athlete's foot (tinea pedis) and other tinea infections. The fungi that cause tinea infections, such as jock itch, thrive in warm, moist areas. Susceptibility to tinea infection is increased by friction, poor hygiene, prolonged moist skin, and minor skin or nail injuries.

The body normally hosts a variety of microorganisms, including bacteria, mold-like fungi (dermatophytes) and yeast-like fungi (such as Candida). Some of these are useful to the body. Others can multiply rapidly and form infections.

Tinea infections are somewhat contagious and can be passed from direct contact or contact with items such as clothing. Jock itch is usually contained to the groin and usually does not involve the scrotum or penis. It is generally less severe than other tinea infections, but may be persistent. Jock itch may be a cause of intractable pruritus ani (anal itching and discomfort).

Symptoms:

Itching of the groin, anal area, thigh skin fold
- Often sparing the genitals
- Rash without itching
Skin rash
- Slightly raised patch
- Sharp borders
- Expanding or spreading, with clearing in the center
- Dry or scaly
- Blisters, open areas; may ooze, crust (uncommon)
Skin, abnormally dark or light
Skin redness or inflammation

Signs and tests:

Diagnosis is primarily based on the appearance of the skin. A skin lesion biopsy (most commonly, scraping of the skin) with microscopic examination or culture may show the dermatophyte that causes jock itch. This test is not always necessary.

Treatment:

Jock itch usually responds to self-care:
Keep the skin clean and dry, and avoid chafing. Topical (applied directly to the skin) over-the-counter antifungal or drying powders, such as those that contain miconazole or clotrimazole, are often effective in controlling the infection.

Severe or chronic infection may require further treatment by the health care provider. Oral antifungal medications may be given. Stronger prescription medications, such as those containing ketoconazole or terbinafine, may be needed. Antibiotics may be needed to treat secondary bacterial infections.

Expectations (prognosis):

Jock itch usually responds promptly to treatment, but it may be persistent.

Complications:

Permanent discoloration of the area
Secondary bacterial skin infections
Side effects of systemic medications

Calling your health care provider:

Call for an appointment with your health care provider if jock itch symptoms do not respond to home treatment, or if there are other symptoms associated with the problem.

Prevention:

Good general hygiene is vital in the prevention and treatment of jock itch. After bathing, antifungal or drying powders may be used as prevention if a man is susceptible to jock itch.

Keep the area clean and dry, and avoid chafing. Underwear should be loose fitting. Avoid rough textured clothing. Launder athletic supporters frequently.

Review Date: 8/6/2001
Reviewed By: Michael Lehrer, M.D., Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.

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