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Narcissistic personality disorder
Definition:
A disorder of the personality characterized by self-centeredness, being self-absorbed, and an inability to empathize with the effects of one's behavior on others.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors:

The cause of this disorder is unknown, but one theory proposes that childhood experiences can cause this disorder to develop. This disorder usually begins by early adulthood.
Symptoms:
  • Reacts to criticism with feelings or rage, shame or humiliation
  • Takes advantage of others to achieve own goals
  • Self-important
  • Exaggerates achievements and talents
  • Preoccupation with fantasies of success, power, beauty, intelligence, or ideal love
  • Unreasonable expectations of favorable treatment
  • Requires constant attention and admiration
  • Lacks empathy
Signs and tests:

A psychological evaluation may be performed.
Treatment:

As with all personality disorders, psychotherapy may help, in this case aiding the person to relate to others in a more positive and rewarding way.
Expectations (prognosis):

The outcome varies with the severity of the disorder.
Complications:
Review Date: 5/18/2001
Reviewed By: Christos Ballas, M.D., Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.
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