Hammer toe usually affects the second toe, although any toe may be affected. The toe assumes a claw like position that may occur as a result of pressure from a bunion. A corn on the top of a toe and a callus on the sole of the foot develop which makes walking painful. A high foot arch may also develop. The condition may be congenital or acquired from wearing short, narrow shoes. The condition can occur in children who outgrow shoes rapidly.

• claw-like deformity of a toe
• corn formation on the top of a toe
• callus formation on the sole of the foot
• foot pain
  • pain over small joints of the foot in the joint where the great toe joins the foot (MTP joint)

Physical examination of the foot confirms the presence of hammer toe.

Treatment of mild cases and cases in children can include foot manipulation and splinting of the affected toe. The protruding joint can be protected with corn pads or felt pads, corrective footwear, or other foot devices. Exercises may be helpful.

Severe deformity requires an operation to straighten the joint which may cut or transfer tendons or fuse the joints of the toe together.

If treated early, surgery might be avoided. Treatment will reduce the associated pain and difficulty with walking.

• foot deformity
• posture changes resulting from difficulty in walking

Call for an appointment with your health care provider if hammer toe is present, for instructions on the best treatment.

Also call for an appointment if pain gets worse or difficulty walking occurs.

Avoid wearing shoes that are too short or narrow. Check children's shoe sizes frequently, especially during periods of rapid growth.