The disease probably results from microtrauma (small, usually unnoticed injuries caused by repetitive overuse) before the complete maturity of the anteriortibialtubercle attachment.

The disorder is typified by a painful swelling just below the knee on the front (anterior) surface of the lower leg bone (tibia). The area is tender to pressure and swelling may be minimal or very severe. Running, jumping, and climbing stairs cause discomfort. Symptoms occur on one or both legs. The disorder is seen most often in active, athletic adolescents, boys being more often affected than girls.

• leg pain or knee pain
  • in one or both knees
  • worse with activity, especially running, jumping, or climbing
  • worse when pressure is applied to the area
• tenderness below the knee, worse when pressure is applied
• swelling of the bump on the front of the leg just below the kneecap (anteriortibialtubercle)

Physical examination will confirm the diagnosis.

Bone X-ray may be normal or may show soft tissue swelling, thickened ligament, and possibly free bone particles near the anteriortubercle.

Initial treatment includes rest, ice, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication (NSAIDS). In many cases, the condition will disappear with rest, pain medication, and the reduction of sports or exercise.

In the rare case where symptoms do not resolve, the affected leg may be immobilized by a cast or brace until the healing takes place, which typically takes 6 to 8 weeks. Crutches can be used for walking to keep weight off the affected leg.

Rarely, surgery may be needed if conservative treatment fails.

Most cases resolve spontaneously in weeks or several months. Adolescents should be allowed to participate in sports to the limit of their ability and comfort. However, deceased activity speeds the resolution of the disorder. Some cases may come and go, but most eventually resolve when the child finishes growing.

Chronic pain is the most significant complication.

Call for an appointment with your health care provider if you have symptoms of this disorder.

Call for an appointment with your health care provider if Osgood-Schlatter disease fails to respond to conservative treatment.

The small injuries that may cause this disorder are usually unnoticed, so prevention may not be possible. Regular stretching, both before and after exercise and athletics, will help prevent this and other overuse injuries. Avoiding overuse (for example, excessive running such as training for a marathon) may be helpful.