Since 1992, SIDS has dropped from 2nd to 3rd place amongst the leading causes of death in infants between 1 month and 1 year of age. The incidence of SIDS has decreased over 40% since 1992, when parents were first told that putting babies to sleep on their backs or sides could reduce the likelihood of SIDS.
The cause of the condition is unknown. Multiple theories have been promoted. Many physicians and researchers now believe that SIDS is not a single condition which is always caused by the same medical problems, but infant death caused by several different factors.
These factors may include problems with sleep arousal or an inability to sense a build up of carbon dioxide in the blood. Almost all SIDS deaths occur without any warning or symptoms when the infant is thought to be sleeping.
The National Center for Health Statistics reports a rate of 0.784 SIDS deaths per 1,000 infants for 1996 and 0.69 SIDS deaths per 1,000 infants for 1997. The peak incidence occurs between 2 and 4 months of age (90% occur by 6 months of age). There is an increased incidence in winter months with the peak in January. There is also a greater incidence in Native Americans and African-Americans.
Risk factors include babies who sleep on their stomachs (up to 4 months of age), soft bedding in the crib (up to 1 year of age), multiple births, prematurity, a history of a sibling who had SIDS, smoking or illegal drug use in the mom, teen mother, short intervals between pregnancies, late prenatal care, and poverty.
Boys are affected more than girls. While studies show that babies with these risk factors are more likely to be affected, the impact or importance of each factor is not well defined or understood in SIDS.
In fact, several of the cases once believed to show that there was a genetic factor in SIDS were actually cases where the mother had murdered each of her children during infancy due to a rare psychological condition called Munchausen's-by-proxy.
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