DIET
Dietary measures such as increasing fiber intake from whole-wheat grains, fresh fruits, vegetables and bran may help add bulk to the stool and promote normal bowel movements. Special efforts should be made to increase daily intake of fluids. See also diet for constipation.
Infants less than 2 months old who are constipated should be examined by their physician.
Infants 2 to 4 months old who are constipated may be given one ounce fruit juice (grape, pear, apple, cherry, or prune) per month of age twice a day.
Infants older than 4 months old who have begun solid foods and are constipated may also be given baby foods with high-fiber content (peas, beans, apricots, prunes, peaches, pears, plums, spinach) twice a day.
Children older than 1 year will benefit from the same dietary changes as adults (i.e., more fruits, vegetables, and whole grain foods which are high in fiber). In addition, increase intake of fruit juices such as apple, pear, cherry, grape, or prune.
BEHAVIOR
If a child is holding back bowel movements in order to resist toilet training, some changes in training may be necessary. Call your health care provider for further assistance dealing with this problem.
EXERCISE
Regular exercise is also very important in establishing regular bowel movements. People who are confined to a wheelchair or bed should be taught to change position frequently and perform abdominal contraction exercises and leg raises. A physical therapist can recommend a program of exercises appropriate for your physical abilities.
MEDICATIONS
Stool softeners such as Docusate Sodium may be recommended to aid in the passage of soft, formed stools. Additionally, bulk laxatives such as Psyllium may be used to add fluid and bulk to the stool. Suppositories or gentle laxatives, such as mineral oil or milk of magnesia, may be used in conjunction with a bowel retraining program to establish a pattern of regular bowel movements. Enemas or laxatives should be reserved for severe cases only. In addition, laxatives should not be used over a long period of time because they can lead to dependence.
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