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Oral cholecystogram |
| Definition: |
| X-ray imaging of the gallbladder, a sac-like organ in the right upper abdomen that stores bile (a yellow-green liquid produced by the liver), which is released through the bile ducts into the small intestines to help digest fat. |
| Alternative Names: |
| X-ray - gallbladder; Gallbladder series; OCG; Gallbladder X-ray |
| How the test is performed: |
| The test is performed in a hospital radiology department or in the health care provider's office by an X-ray technician. The night before the test, you swallow 6 tablets (1 at a time) that contains the contrast medium. At the hospital, you will lie on the X-ray table and will be asked to assume various positions. The health care provider may examine the gallbladder with a fluoroscope (a special X-ray that projects the image onto a TV-like monitor). Then you may be asked to drink a high-fat formula that will cause the gallbladder to contract and release some bile. X-rays will then be taken at timed intervals. |
| How to prepare for the test: |
| The health care provider must be notified if you are pregnant or allergic to X-ray contrast material (contains iodine). The day before the test you will be asked to eat a high-fat meal (eggs, butter, milk, salad oils, or fatty meats) at noon. That evening, eat a fat-free meal (fruits, vegetables, bread, tea or coffee, and only lean meat). Two hours after the fat-free meal, take 6 tablets, 1 at a time, which contain the contrast medium. After taking the tablets, consume no fluids until after the test. Infants and children: The physical and psychological preparation you can provide for this or any test or procedure depends on your child's age, interests, previous experience, and level of trust. For specific information regarding how you can prepare your child, see the following topics as they correspond to your child's age:
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| How the test will feel: |
| There is no discomfort from the test. One will be hungry and thirsty. Some people experience side effects from the contrast material. There is a slight chance of developing some diarrhea. |
| Why the test is performed: |
| The test is used to help in diagnosing disorders of the liver and gallbladder, including gallstones and tumors. |
| What abnormal results mean: |
| Abnormal results may show gallstones, tumors, inflammation, and cholesterol polyps (a benign tumor growing from the mucous membrane). Additional conditions under which the test may be performed: |
| What the risks are: |
| There is a chance of an allergic reaction to the contrast material. There is low radiation exposure. X-rays are monitored and regulated to provide the minimum amount of radiation exposure needed to produce the image. Most experts feel that the risk is low compared with the benefits. Pregnant women and children are more sensitive to the risks of the X-ray. |
| Special considerations: |
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If there is a history of severe kidney or lung damage, one is at an increased risk of injury or side effects from the procedure. In those cases, the gallbladder ultrasound is commonly used instead of the X-ray examination. Ultrasound and MRI examination of the gallbladder has largely replaced OCG for imaging, especially in patients with diseased livers. For functional evaluation of the gallbladder, a nuclear medicine HIDA scan may instead be performed. |
Reviewed By: Evan Mair, M.D., Department of Radiology, Boston Medical Center Boston, MA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.
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