A procedure that enables the urologist to view the inside of the bladder in great detail using a specialized endoscope called a cystoscope.

There are two types of cystoscopes, the standard rigid cystoscope and the flexible cystoscope. The method for insertion of the cystoscope varies, but the test is the same. If the standard rigid cystoscope is used, you lie in the lithotomy position (on back with your knees up and apart).

The urethra is cleansed and a local anesthetic is applied. The scope is then inserted through the urethra into the bladder. The flexible cystoscope may be easier to insert than the standard rigid model. It does not require the lithotomy position for insertion. The choice of which scope to use depends on the purpose of the exam.

Water or saline is inserted through the cystoscope and fills the bladder (you are asked to describe the feeling to your health care provider).

As the fluid fills the bladder, it stretches the bladder wall, enabling the physician to view the entire bladder wall. You will feel the sensation to urinate when the bladder is full; however, it needs to remain full until the examination is complete.

If any tissue appears abnormal, a small specimen can be taken (biopsy) through the cystoscope to be analyzed.

The average cystoscopy takes about 15 to 20 minutes.

• infant test or procedure preparation (birth to 1 year)
• toddler test or procedure preparation (1 to 3 years)
• preschooler test or procedure preparation (3 to 6 years)
• schoolage test or procedure preparation (6 to 12 years)
• adolescent test or procedure preparation (12 to 18 years)

There may be slight discomfort as the cystoscope is passed through the urethra into the bladder. You will feel uncomfortable (a strong need to urinate) when the fluid has filled the bladder.

You may feel a pinch if a biopsy is taken. After the cystoscope is removed, the urethra may be sore and you will feel a burning sensation during urination for a day or two.

• diagnose and evaluate urinary tract disorders
• check for cancer of the bladder or urethra
• diagnose an enlarged prostate (men)
• help determine the cause of pain during urination
• diagnose recurrent bladder infections

The bladder wall should appear smooth. The bladder should be normal size, shape, and position. There should be no obstructions, growths, or stones.

• enlarged prostate/prostate abnormality
• prostate obstruction
• bleeding prostate
• cysts
• urethral strictures
• calculi ( bladder stones)
• tumors
• polyps
• diverticula
• ulcer
• bladder wall decompression
• congenital abnormalities
• chronic urethritis
• irritable bladder
• traumatic injury of the bladder and urethra

• excessive bleeding from taking a biopsy
• rupturing a bladder wall (with the cystoscope or during biopsy)

A small amount of blood will be passed through the urine shortly after this procedure. If the bleeding continues after three voids (times urinating), contact the health care provider.

There is also the chance of infection. If pain, chills, fever, or oliguria (reduced urine output) occur, contact the urologist.