Congenital platelet function defects

Congenital platelet function defects

Definition:

Congenital platelet function defects are disorders of platelet function, the blood cells essential for the coagulation of the blood, that is present at birth.

Alternative Names:

Storage pool disease; Glanzmann's thrombasthenia; Bernard-Soulier syndrome; Platelet function defects - congenital

Causes, incidence, and risk factors:

Congenital platelet function defects are bleeding disorders characterized by abnormal platelet function in spite of normal platelet counts. There is usually a family history of a bleeding disorder consisting of prolonged bleeding or easy bruising.

Bernard-Soulier syndrome is a congenital disorder where the platelets lack receptors to adhere to the walls of the blood vessels. Bleeding may be severe with this disorder.

Glanzmann's thrombasthenia is a condition caused by lack of a protein required for platelet aggregation (clumping) This disorder may cause mucosal and postoperative bleeding, and it may also be severe.

Storage pool disease is a mild bleeding disorder that causes bruising. The risk factor is a family history of a bleeding disorder.

Symptoms:

Nosebleeds
Intraoperative and postoperative bleeding
Easy bruising
Prolonged bleeding with superficial injuries
Menstrual periods, abnormal
Bleeding gums

Signs and tests:

CBC that may reveal normal, or occasionally low, platelet count
Prolonged bleeding time
Platelet aggregation test
Normal PT, PTT

Other tests may be necessary, including the testing of relatives.

Treatment:

There is no specific treatment for these disorders. All people with bleeding disorders should avoid taking aspirin because it is known to prolong the bleeding time (the time it takes to form clotting mechanisms in the blood). Platelet transfusions may be administered when patients have severe bleeding.

Expectations (prognosis):

Treatment can usually control the bleeding, but these are lifelong conditions for which there is no cure. Precautions to avoid catastrophic bleeding should be taken.

Complications:

Severe bleeding
Iron deficiency anemia in menstruating women

Calling your health care provider:

Call your health care provider if bleeding or bruising of an unknown cause is present, or if bleeding does not respond to the usual method of control.

Prevention:

Laboratory studies can detect the defective gene responsible for these platelet disorders. Genetic counseling may be of value to couples with a family history of any of these disorders who are planning children in the future.

Review Date: 10/20/2001
Reviewed By: Rebecca Elstrom, M.D., Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.

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