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The structure of a joint
The structure of a joint

Joint swelling
Definition:
Swelling occurs in the joints when fluid accumulates in the soft tissue, such as "water on the knee."

Alternative Names:
Swelling of a joint; Knee swelling; Toe swelling; Finger swelling; Hip swelling

Considerations:
Joint swelling may occur along with joint pain.
Common Causes:
Home Care:
For unexplained soft tissue joint swelling, contact your health care provider. Follow prescribed therapy to treat the underlying cause.
Call your health care provider if:

Call your health care provider if any of the following occurs:

  • Severe, unexplained joint pain
  • Severe, unexplained stiffness or swelling, especially if accompanied by other unexplained symptoms
What to expect at your health care provider's office:

Your health care provider will obtain your medical history and will perform a physical examination.

Medical history questions documenting joint swelling may include the following:

  • Location
    • Which joint is swollen?
      • Is it the big toe?
      • Is the jaw or neck swollen?
    • Are multiple joints swollen?
  • Time pattern
    • When did the joint swelling develop?
    • Is it always present or off and on?
    • Is this the first time you have had swollen joints?
  • Quality
    • How swollen is the area?
    • If you press over the swollen area with a finger, does it leave a dent after you take the finger away?
  • Aggravating factors
    • What makes the swelling worse?
    • Is it any worse in the morning or at night?
    • Does exercise make it worse?
  • Relieving factors
    • What make the swelling better?
    • Does elevating the affected body part make the swelling go down?
    • Is it better if you use an elastic wrap?
    • What home treatment have you tried? How effective was it?
  • Other
The physical examination will include a detailed examination of the affected joint(s).

Diagnostic tests that may be performed include the following: Physical therapy for muscle and joint rehabilitation may be recommended.
Review Date: 11/14/2002
Reviewed By: Thomas N. Joseph, M.D., Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU/Hospital for Joint Diseases, New York, NY. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.
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