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Synovial biopsy
Synovial biopsy

Synovial biopsy
Definition:
The synovial membrane is tissue that lines a joint. In this biopsy, a sample is taken of the joint lining.

Alternative Names:
Biopsy - synovial membrane

How the test is performed:

The test may be done in your health care provider's office. The joint to be biopsied will be positioned so there is easy access. The joint will be injected with a local anesthetic.

Next, an instrument (trocar) used to force fluid from a cavity is inserted into the joint space. The biopsy needle is inserted through the trocar and twisted to cut out a tissue segment. The biopsy needle is removed and the trocar is removed. The biopsy site is cleansed and pressure and bandage are applied.

This procedure may also be performed in a hospital via arthroscopy.
How to prepare for the test:

Inform your health care provider of any drug allergies you have, which medications you are taking (including any herbal medicines and supplements), if you have bleeding problems, and if you are pregnant. You must sign a consent form.

Infants and children:

The physical and psychological preparation you can provide for this or any test or procedure depends on your child's age, interests, previous experience, and level of trust. For specific information regarding how you can prepare your child, see the following topics as they correspond to your child's age:
How the test will feel:

With the local anesthetic, you will feel a prick and a burning sensation. As the trocar is inserted, there will be some discomfort.
Why the test is performed:

Synovial biopsy helps diagnose gout, bacterial infections, or other infections and may suggest the presence of inflammatory conditions, such as autoimmune disorders.
Normal Values:
The synovial membrane structure is normal.
What abnormal results mean:

Synovial biopsy may identify the following conditions:

The test may help diagnose rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases.
What the risks are:

There is a very slight chance of infection and bleeding. Rarely, there is a chance of the needle striking a nerve or blood vessel.
Review Date: 11/14/2002
Reviewed By: Thomas N. Joseph, M.D., Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU/Hospital for Joint Diseases, New York, NY. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.
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