• daily exercise
• weight control
• proper nutrition
• avoidance of smoking and drug abuse
• abstinence from or moderation of alcohol use
• control of high blood pressure
• proper control of other diseases or disorders (such as diabetes or elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood)

• pap smear -- cervical cancer screening
  • Sexually active female adolescents and women over age 20 (regardless of sexual activity) should have an annual pap smear. After 3 negative, consecutive, annual pap smear tests, women who are celibate (not sexually active) or monogamous (have only one partner) and less than 35 to 40 years of age may decrease pap smear testing to every 2 to 3 years.
  • Women over the age of 40, women with multiple sexual partners, and women who take oral contraceptives should have an annual pap smear.
  • Women with a medical history of HPV (genital warts) should have a pap smear every 6 months.
• breast self examination (BSE)
  • should be taught during adolescence and continued on a monthly basis throughout a woman's life.
• mammography -- radiologic (X-ray) evaluation of the breast tissue
  • A baseline mammogram is recommended for women between 35 and 40 years.
  • Repeat mammograms every 2 years for women between 40 and 50 years old.
  • An annual mammogram is recommended for women over 50.
  • The mammogram may be done at earlier age or at more frequent intervals, at any age, if problems are suspected or the woman is at increased risk (i.e., a family history of a first degree relative with breast cancer).
• testicular self examination (TSE)
  • should be taught during adolescence and continued on a monthly basis throughout a man's life.
• prostate cancer screening
  • should be evaluated by digital rectal examination and PSA (prostate specific antigen) test annually for men over 40. Screening may begin earlier if there is a strong family history.
• cholesterol screening
  • A baseline total cholesterol measurement, as well as a measurement of bad (LDL) and good cholesterol (HDL), should be obtained for all adults between 18 and 20 years of age; then, if normal, the test should be repeated every 5 years. Individuals at higher risk, including children with a strong family history of hyperlipidemia, may be screened earlier and at more frequent intervals.
• colon cancer screening
  • A stool guaiac or other test for occult (hidden) blood in the stool should be done every year after age 50 (or sooner if there is a family history of colon cancer).
  • A flexible sigmoidoscopy is recommended every 3 years after age 50 (earlier or at more frequent intervals for individuals at higher risk); colonoscopy, which is probably a better screening test than flexible sigmoidoscopy need only be repeated every 5-10 years if normal.
• blood pressure
  • Have your blood pressure checked annually.
• weight
  • Check weight annually (adults) unless experiencing notable weight losses/gains.
• dental care
  • Visit the dentist routinely (every 6 months or so) for dental examinations and cleaning.

2. Diseases such as cancer or tuberculosis can be effectively treated when detected early. See your primary health care provider right away if:

• a lump or persistent lesion appears on your body
• you have unexplained weight loss
• you have a prolonged fever
• a chroniccough develops (or if you begin to cough up blood)
• continued body aches/pains are noted